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1.
Odontología (Ecuad.) ; 22(2): 92-107, 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1103600

ABSTRACT

La anemia falciforme (AF) es un trastorno genético autosómico recesivo que afecta la hemoglobina y los glóbulos rojos adquieren una forma de hoz. Este evento provoca episodios de vaso-oclusión y hemólisis y, en consecuencia, una amplia gama de manifestaciones clínicas. Objetivo: realizar una revisión bibliográfica integrativa sobre el cuidado dental para pacientes con anemia falciforme. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos de PubMed y SciELO, utilizando como estrategia una asociación de tér-minos relacionados ("Anemia de Células Falciformes" y " Atención Odontológica"). Resultados: Se incluyeron los artículos publicados a partir de 1990 y se excluyeron revisiones de literatura, lo que resultó en dieciocho artículos para análisis. La evidencia científica demostró que la atención odontológica preventiva es esencial para los pacientes con anemia falciforme, ya que puede reducir el número de ingresos hospitalarios. Las me-didas previas, durante y posteriores al tratamiento pueden incluir profilaxis antibiótica, uso de sedación, buen control de los niveles de oxígeno, hidratación del paciente y mantenimiento de una perfusión tisular adecuada. Sin embargo, persisten algunas dudas, sobre la seguridad del uso de anestésicos locales con vasoconstric-tores y la oseointegración de implantes dentales. Conclusión: El conocimiento de la enfermedad es esencial para el tratamiento dental de pacientes con anemia falciforme; durante la atención, se debe tener en cuenta ciertos cuidados para reducir los factores que promueven crisis agudas como acidosis, hipotensión, hipoxia, infección, vasoconstricción y estrés.


Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that affects the hemoglobin molecule of red blood cells in sickle-shaped cells formation. This event causes vaso­occlusive crises and hemolysis, and consequently, a wide range of clinical manifestations. Objective: This study aimed to present an integrative review of the literature on dental care of patients with SCA. Material and Methods: A search was conducted in Pubmed and Scielo databases using as a search strategy an association of terms related to disease and dentistry ("Sickle Cell Anemia", "Dental Care"). Results: Studies published since 1990 were included while literature reviews were excluded, resulting in eighteen articles for analysis. The literature has shown that pre-ventive dental care is essential for patients with sickle cell anemia and is able to reduce the number of hospi-talizations. Pre, trans and post-treatment measures may include antibiotic prophylaxis, use of sedation, good control of oxygen levels, patient hydration, and maintenance of adequate tissue perfusion. Still, more studies are needed to clarify some dental uncertainties during the care given to patients with AF, such as the safety of local anesthetics with vasoconstrictors and the use of osseointegrated implants. Conclusion: The knowledge of the disease is essential for dental management. Certain precautions should be taken to reduce factors that promote acute crises, such as acidosis, hypotension, hypoxia, infection, vasoconstriction and stress.


A anemia falciforme (AF) é uma alteração genética autossômica recessiva que afeta a molécula de hemoglo-bina das hemácias, resultando na formação de células em forma de foice. Esse evento provoca episódios de vaso-oclusão e hemólise, e consequentemente, uma ampla gama de manifestações clínicas. Objetivo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar uma revisão integrativa de literatura sobre os cuidados odontológicos ao paciente com anemia falciforme. Materiais e Métodos: Foi conduzida uma busca nas bases de dados Pubmed e Scielo, utilizando-se como estratégia uma associação de termos relacionados à doença e à odon-tologia ("Anemia Falciforme" e "Assistência Odontológica"). Resultados: Foram incluídos artigos publicados a partir de 1990 e excluídas revisões de literatura, resultando em dezoito artigos para análise. A literatura mostrou que o atendimento odontológico preventivo é essencial para o paciente com anemia falciforme, sendo capaz de diminuir a quantidade de internações hospitalares. As medidas pré, trans e pós-tratamento podem incluir a profilaxia antibiótica, o uso de sedação, um bom controle dos níveis de oxigênio, a hidratação do paciente e a manutenção da perfusão tecidual adequada. No entanto, algumas dúvidas persistem como a segurança dos anestésicos locais com vasoconstritor e a instalação de implantes osseointegrados. Con-clusão: O conhecimento da doença é primordial para o manejo odontológico desses pacientes e, durante o atendimento, certos cuidados devem ser tomados para diminuir os fatores que promovem as crises agudas como a acidose, hipotensão, hipóxia, infecção, vasoconstrição e estresse.


Subject(s)
Hematologic Diseases , Hemoglobinopathies , Anemia, Sickle Cell , Dental Care , Secondary Prevention , Genetic Diseases, Inborn
2.
Br J Med Med Res ; 2016; 16(9): 1-6
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-183369

ABSTRACT

Neck and head cancer is a very common disease. Radiotherapy is one of the treatments, and its side effects affect the patient’s quality of life because the radiation targets both neoplastic and healthy tissues. This study aimed to select material that exhibited the greatest number of characteristics that are biocompatible with human tissue and that are strong enough to construct an intraoral stent. The stent would be used to mechanically isolate the palate, tongue, and mouth floor to prevent radiation in head and neck cancer cases requiring radiotherapy, thereby aiming to decrease the treatment’s side effects. The following materials were selected to be submitted to a first analysis by computed tomography: polyacetal (white and black), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polyurethane, and polyvinyl chloride. By observing the density through Hounsfield unit (HU) analysis, the materials with HU values closest to that of water (HU = 0) were selected for the structural analysis after the radiotherapeutic protocol through micro Raman spectroscopy. After undergoing radiation, PMMA with HUs of 177 and 179 without structural modification had the best density results; this was verified by micro Raman spectroscopy. PMMA seems to be a promising material due to its density and structural integrity after the radiotherapeutic protocol. Clinical Significance: The material with the HU value that is most compatible with the oral tissues does not interfere with the action of x-ray beams or with the main function of mechanically isolating the oral tissues, thus reducing the side effects from radiotherapy, improving the patient’s quality of life after the treatment.

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